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 Flavonoids are present in pollen mainly in the form of
glycosides, that is molecules with a sugar group, among

which flavonol glycosides are present in greatest amounts .

 The presence of a glycoside bond reduces antioxidative

 properties because of steric effects.

 The level of free aglycones (flavonoids) is a better indicator

of the quality of pollen loads than the free amino acids

content.

 The presence of particular flavonoids in pollen loads differs

 depending on plant species from which pollen comes .

 During research on the chemical composition of pollen

loads, various forms and types of flavonoids were

discovered.

 The main flavonols of bee pollen are quercetin and

kaempherol, as well as their glycosides

Distribution of flavonoids