Page 109 - Klymenko_TB07

RESUME

SVITLANA KLYMENKO, OLGA GRYGORIEVA, JÁN BRINDZA
Less Known Species of Fruit Crops

Neglected and under-utilised crops are also known as isolated, abandoned, lost, local, minor,
traditional, alternative, niche, or underdeveloped crops. Recently they referred as forgotten or smart
food. These crops are domesticated plant species that have been used for centuries or even millennia
like food, fibre, feed, oil or medicinal properties, but they have been reduced in importance over time
owing to particular supply and use constraints. These can include, inter alia, poor dates before on
foodstuffs, low nutritional value, low consumers´ awareness and reputational problems (famine food
or "poor people's food", sometimes due to the modernization of agricultural practices). As the
demand for plant and crop changes (revaluation or discovery of nutritional traits, culinary value,
adaptation to climate change, etc.), neglected crops can overcome the constraints to wider
production and uses. As a matter of fact, many formerly neglected crops are now globally significant
crops.

Although the options for scaling up neglected crops for large-scale agriculture appear to be
increasingly exhausted, many plant species have the potential to contribute to food security,
nutrition, dietary and culinary diversification and health generation. They also provide
environmental services. It is impossible to define what would constitute "proper" or "correct" levels
of use; however, many neglected species are evidently underutilized relative to their nutritional
value and productivity.
In the publications there is a description of 35 forgotten, less known and less-used fruit species,
which don´t take the form of monocultures, namely: Asimina triloba L. Dunal, Cydonia oblonga Mill.,
Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq., Aronia Mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov et Maitul.,
Berberis vulgaris L., Crataegus submollis Sarg., Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Sambucus nigra L., Prunus
tomentosa Thunb., Lycium barbarum L., Rubus fruticosus L. ex Dierb., Lonicera caerulea L., Ziziphus
jujuba Mill., Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M.Roem., Viburnum opulus L.,Castanea sativa Mill.,
Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc., Cornus mas L., Cornus kousa F.Buerger ex Hance, Schizandra
chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb., Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid., Mespilus
germanica L. Pseudосydonia sinensis C.K. Schneid., Sorbus domestica L., Prunus spinosa L., Chaenomeles
spp., Diospyros virginiana L., Diospyros kaki L., Diospyros lotus L., Morus alba L., Morus nigra L., and
Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.

The aim of the publication is to provide advice to all groups of farmers for their cultivation,
distribution and uses for the preparing of various traditional and innovative food-stuffs and other
products. Many species can also be used in organic farming.
In each species are presented the origin and species distribution, morphological and biochemical
characteristics of the basic parts of plants, plant breeding and cultivation, significant varieties,
fertility, utilization of plant parts in the food industry, traditional and modern medicine and other
areas.

106