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RESUME

Raisa Ivanova, Dina Elisovetcaia
Biological Pesticides – Plants for Plant Protection
In the frame of transition to ecological agriculture the biological pesticides are the important
alternatives to minimize or replace the use of synthetic pesticides. Biological pesticides derived from
plants are certain types of natural materials such as powder of dried plant, essential oils and extracts
from different plant parts based on water, alcohol or other solvents. The main advantages of biological
pesticides application are: a) inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides; b) often effective in
small quantities and lower exposures; c) generally affect only the target pest and closely related
organisms; d) avoid the pollution problem due to rapidly decomposition; e) property used biological
pesticides increase crop yields.
Many plants well known as ornamental, food and medicinal plants accumulate such secondary
metabolites which could be used as biopesticides against common agricultural pests. There are
continued the screening of local flora and selection from the plants with insecticidal, acaricidal,
ovicidal, antifeedant, repellent and deterrent properties for crop protection from pests; with
antimicrobial and fungicide effects for protection from phytopatogens; with allelopathic, herbicides
and phytotoxic capacities for protection crops from weeds, as well as with antioxidant and growth
regulating properties for maintaining the plant resistance for biotic and abiotic stress factors.
All above of listed properties of biological pesticides are described in the monograph for 32 plant
species, namely: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle; Allium narcissiflorum Vill.; Allium ramosum L.;
Allium rotundum L.; Allium siculum Ucria; Allium subhirsutum L.; Buxus sempervirens L.; Carthamus
tinctorius L.; Consolida regalis C. F. Grey; Delphinium dictyocarpum DC; Delphinium elatum L.; Echinacea
purpurea L.; Foeniculum vulgare Mill.; Galega officinalis L.; Galega orientalis Lam.; Gleditsia triacanthos
L.; Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier; Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.; Juglans regia L,
Juniperus sabina Linn.; Monarda fistulosa L.; Polygonum sachalinense (F.Schmidt) Nakai; Pyrethrum
cinerariifolium Trev.; Robinia pseudoacacia L.; Satureja hortensis L.; Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit.;
Symphytum officinale L.; Trigonella foenum-graecum; Veratrum lobelianum Bernh; Verbascum thapsus;
Vinca minor L.; Vitis vinifera L.
The purpose of this monograph is to provide recommendation to farmers for complex utilization of
described plants, namely for cultivation as food, ornamental and medicinal plants and enlargement of
biodiversity; harvesting of useful plant products and the use of innovative plant protection resources
to improve of organic farming procedures.
Plant’s origin and species distribution, bio-morphological and biochemical characteristics of the basic
parts of plants, mode of plant reproduction and yield of each species are presented. Based on the
author's experimental results and published data, the biopesticidal properties, antioxidant activity and
toxicity of described plants are reported. Many species have tested pronounceable medicinal effects.
The antioxidant activity of listed plants is evaluated by various methods against oxygen and nitrogen
reactive species as well as DPPH free radicals. Biopesticidal properties are given on the example of
coleopterans (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Chrysomelida, Sitophilus granarius L., Dryophthoridae),
lepidopterans (Galleria mellonella L., Pyralidae, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn., Noctuidae, Hyphantria
cunea Drury, Arctiidae, Loxostege sticticalis L., Crambidae, Mamestra brassicae L., Noctuidae, Pieris
brassicae L., Pieridae), hemipterans (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, Aphidiinae) and acariformes pests
(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher. и Tetranychus urticae Koch., Tetranychidae).

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