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Biosynthesis of glycosides

Glycosides are defined by IUPAC (INTERNATIONAL UNION OF

PURE & APPLIED CHEMISTRY) as:
Glycosides were originally defined as mixed acetals (ketals)

derived from cyclic forms of monosaccharides.

In plants, the glycosides of glucose are synthesized on an activated

molecule glucose and the aglycone. Starting point of the synthesis is

glucose which is phosphorylated by ATP. After isomerization glucose is
activated by uridine triphosphate. The result is UDP-glucose, which

contains an energy-rich anhydride.

In the reaction with the aglycone the various glycosides are formed:

Steroidal; Iridoid; Phenolic (flavone, flavomoid), et al. glycosides

Sources: 1. UPAC. 1996. Pure & Appl. Chem., 68 (10):1919-2008.
2. Patrik J., Vogt T. 2001. Glycosylt ranterases in secondary plant metabolism: tranquiliyers

and stimulant controllers . Planta, 213(2): 164-174